凉 [涼] liáng coolcoldthe five Liang of the Sixteen Kingdoms, namely: Former Liang 前凉 qián liáng (314-376), Later Liang 后凉 hòu liáng (386-403), Northern Liang 北凉 běi liáng (398-439), Southern Liang 南凉 Nán Liáng (397-414), Western Liang 西凉 xī liáng (400-421)